THE BRIGHT BALOCH (A Research on Brushes, Bards and Books) By: Mahikan Maqbool

Author’s Note

The works of dreamers have often had the audacity to survive amidst any chaos. It takes very few eyes that recognize the real beauty of the rare beings. Many of whom that I shall mention in the compiled version of my finding, are alive and dreaming within our minds and many, many have we lost in this vast array of ignorance. My contribution to the Baloch Literature is the smallest of all, yet my affection remains undivided to my culture and its legends.

At the age of 10 or 11, I compiled this research, merely for the purpose of fulfilling my curiousness alone. Yet, to what depths had I gone back when word-of-mouth and books were the only source of finding things out. The research remained unlooked for over a decade until the past arrived to excel the right time of the future. Now, when I finally intend to fancy the desire of publicizing it, I would like the readers to know that the research had been conducted initially in 2012 and the questionnaire had been responded by the people back then as well. It is only for the sake of a child’s restlessness and curiosity to write back when she had the choice to leave it undone, which I am respecting enough to be sharing her work today. I have however, amended a few sentences and grammatical errors which, I believe, shall not replace its tone. I who caused the pain of not writing anything for my people, aid on it with this small existence of my share.

How beautiful a thing exploration is!

BY THE AUTHOR

October-2024

 

Dedication

To my teachers I dedicate this work. It is needless that I say more in the honor they have thus far.

 

 

Table of content:

 

Abstract:

 

This research aims to document the knowledge of Baloch figures mentioning poets, intellectuals, cultural tales, singers as perceived and remembered by the Baloch people. By exploring the collective consciousness in Baloch community, this study seeks to create knowledge into how these individuals are known or understood by the common populace or people residing in Turbat. Through questionnaire, word-of-mouth, and literary books, the project will show the cultural importance of these figures. This research contributes to the keeping of Baloch cultural memory and offers an idea into the ways in which historical figures continue to influence present-day Baloch society.

 

 

 

POETS AND WRITERS

 

Poets whose work survives the test of time, are either the fortunate ones of the present or the muse of the next generations. Such Baloch poets have been countless in number and have held beauty, suffering and wisdom in their existence. I have a very few who I am naming that I respect for as long as I have heard their stories and known their names. There have been many Baloch poets whose works have survived through the years. Some of the names have been shamed and many have been blamed throughout the span of their lives. unfortunately, many have died believing they were failures. In the history, very few poets have lived days of glory and many have been disowned by their age. So, have our Baloch poets endured a lot more than we know. I am mentioning very few names whom I have learnt more from than any other figure. They have been legends and fortunately some are alive, waiting for the right eye to recognize their importance.

 

FOUR POETS:

 

GUL MOHAMMAD WAFA

From Koshkalat, Tump Balochistan, Wafa widely known as Gul Mohammad Wafa was not only a master from personality but was a master and tutor professionally. His inspiration was Basheer Bedar (A well-known Baloch figure in terms of literary). According to Basheer Bedar, Gul Mohammad Wafa (via WOM) had a passion for music before he indulged himself into words and literature. Basheer Bedar says that Wafa reminded him of no one, that his poetry had its own beauty and that it is quite hard for the common people to understand Wafa’s books yet they remain masterpieces.  Within the prologue of Wafa’s book Nishaan, Ishaq Khamush (a well-known Baloch poet and author) says that, Gul Mohammad Wafa Stands alone in his essentiality and existence of his poetry. He wrote that Wafa’s poetries gave a path to all those who emerged after him, following his analysis.

It is said that anyone who departed from after conversing with Gul Mohammad Wafa, got to go wiser than he was before meeting him. In this era, we find many disciples of Gul Mohammad Wafa who claim to have learnt so much from the intellectual which they knew after he had passed away. Naheem Wafa, who knew Gul Mohammad Wafa closely and personally, says that he remembers when he was in the primary school Nizrabad (A village in Balochistan) back when Gul Mohammad Wafa was teaching there too, he had always preferred to take his disciples at home and personally tutor them rather them spending some mere hours in the school ground.

Another fact about Gul Mohammad Wafa is that, he had spoken about female education way before anyone else spoke of it initially. He began by sending females of his own house until others began to notice and inspired by bravery, followed his footsteps. It was his contribution that many young girls began to study and started their academic journey in Nizrabad and other areas of Tump, Balochistan.

In Wafa’s Book, Nishaan, published in 2011, Naheem Wafa says in the prologue, that in the era that had no access to anything or any facility for any other kind of study, Wafa began to form a library in (Koshkalat, a village in Balochistan) after which it was the source of knowledge for many people within vast distances. His home, however, was another library on its own. There would be numberless words seen on different books kept inside his wise boundary.

Soon after, Gul Mohammad Wafa’s teaching post was transferred to “Dagahri Kahn”, his birthplace, due to which his library back in Koshkalat had been left barren without him and absence of much knowledge was only known after he departed from the village. Fortunately, people back in the village began to carry their ambitions taught by Gul Mohammad Wafa.

In the same span of the next few years, a tragedy happened and rumors began to spread about Wafa. Years after his transfer to Dagahri Kahn, natives spoke of him being in a state of delirium. His constant presence gave them a view of how he spoke to himself at times while at other times, Gul Mohammad Wafa would be seen not talking at all for days, it was either he had drunk so much or not drunk for days, they say he hardly bathed or took care of himself and that everyone found him repulsive, but his love for poetry and literature had not changed, he was still writing and his writing was evolving better. He refused to teach anymore, or take the governmental income yet he was destroying himself with all sorts of addictions.

No one knew why or how this shift flowed into his existence, people only saw him go through different phases and that was it. He wandered in the paths of Mand, Dasht, Zarrenbug, Dagahri Kahn, Koshkalat (Villages in Balochistan) and wandered into places where people could hardly see him for days. Day after day after day, Gul Mohammad wafa began rotting physically and sharpened mentally, his wisdom was acknowledged, his stories were written, his poetries published and his books appreciated, yet when they saw Gul Mohammad Wafa, they understood him very rarely.

His failed married life and both of his kids:

• Zahir Shah Wafa
• And Bibi Maryam Wafa

were his only treasures. For them he lived and were soon to begin his work again when on an unfortunate day, being the victim of an accident to the route of his work, became his death. He died on 16th February 2004

GUL MOHAMMAD WAFA

Naheem Wafa in one of the books of Gul Mohammad Wafa writes in the introductory pages that on a specific day with Gul Mohammad Wafa, he was asked by the intellectual if it was possible to go on the moon with a wood stick. To this Naheem laughed and said it was not only impossible but an idiot’s plot. But Gul Mohammad Wafa responded to his laughter with “It is possible to go on the moon with a wood stick if the search is for knowledge”.  This is understood years after his death.

 

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GUL KHAN NASEER

 

Mir Gul Khan Nasir was an important poet, politician, historian, and journalist from Balochistan. He was born on May 14, 1914, in Noshki. He was named after a political agent from Kharan who passed through Noshki on the day Gul Khan was born. His father, Mir Habib Khan, was from the Paindzai subclan of the Zagr Mengal branch of the Mengal tribe.

Gul Khan’s mother, Bibi Hooran, was the sister of Mir Raheem Khan, the leader of the Rakhshani Badini Tribe. She was an educated woman who could read Persian and the Quran (in Arabic), which was a rare skill for women at that time. She played a key role in raising her sons. Gul Khan was the fourth among five brothers and also had three sisters.

Mir Gul Khan Nasir had four brothers. His eldest brother, Mir Samand Khan (born around 1889), served in both the British Army and as a commander in the Khan of Kalat’s army. His second brother, Mir Lawang Khan (born around 1901), was a well-known tribal leader and a skilled self-taught doctor. He died on August 7, 1973, while fighting against the Pakistan Army during the 1973 military operation in Balochistan. Mir Lawang Khan is remembered as a martyr by the Baloch people.

His third brother, Mir Lal Bux Mengal (born around 1906), also served in the Khan of Kalat’s army, holding a leadership role in Makran. Mir Gul Khan was the fourth brother. His youngest brother, Sultan Mohammad Khan (born around 1918), served in both the British Army before Partition and the Pakistan Army after Partition, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel before retiring in 1966. After retirement, Sultan Mohammad held important positions in Balochistan, including Vice Chancellor of Balochistan University and Commander of the Balochistan Reserve Police.

Gul Khan Nasir studied up to the fifth grade in Noshki. After that, he moved to Mastung, where his uncle was working. He didn’t stay long because his uncle was soon transferred to Quetta. In Quetta, Gul Khan joined Government Sandeman High School and completed his studies until the tenth grade.

After finishing matriculation in Quetta, he went to Lahore and enrolled in Islamia College Lahore to study F.Sc. Medical. However, during his studies, he developed an eye infection that became so severe he had to stop his education and return to Balochistan. While studying in Mastung, Gul Khan was inspired by people like Abdul Aziz Kurd, Malik Faiz Muhammad Yousafzai, and Mir Mohammad Aazam Khan Shahwani, who were running a secret political group called “AnjumanIthihaad-i Balochaan.” It was also in Mastung that he became close friends with Malik.

 

Mir Gul Khan Nasir started writing poetry at the age of eight, but it was during his time in Lahore that he began writing Urdu poetry with a revolutionary message. His poems became popular and were published in newspapers under the pen name “Nasir,” which he chose to honor Mir Nasir Khan I, the Ninth Khan of Kalat, also known as Noori Nasir Khan. Like the poetry of Nawab Yousaf Ali Khan Magsi and Mohammad Hussain Anqa, Gul Khan’s Urdu poems aimed to raise political awareness, especially among the Baloch youth.While in Lahore, Mir Gul Khan played an important role in a student group called “Baloch aur Balochistani Thalbaa kee Anjuman” (B.B.S.O.), which was formed by Mureed Hussain Khan Magsi and other Baloch students, following the advice of Mir Yousaf Ali Khan Magsi.
After the “Anjuman-i Ithihaad-i Balochaan” disbanded, the Baloch youth formed a new group called “Anjuman-i Islamia Kalat.” Mir Gul Khan was elected President, and Malik Abdul Raheem Khwaja Khail became General Secretary. This organization was aimed at social reform, but secretly its goal was to gain independence from British rule and establish a democratic government in Kalat. When the Khan of Kalat learned about the group’s political mission, he tried to stop them. When that failed, he scattered the group’s leaders by assigning them government jobs in different areas of Balochistan, which led to the group becoming inactive.
On February 5, 1937, Baloch youth formed a new political group called the “Kalat State National Party” (KSNP). Mir Abdul Aziz Kurd became President, Mir Gul Khan Nasir was elected Vice President, and Malik Faiz Muhammad Yousafzai became Secretary General. The KSNP was connected with the Indian National Congress and aimed to reduce the power of tribal leaders (Sardars), end unfair taxes on the poor, and create a democratically elected parliament after Kalat’s independence. The KSNP had a complicated relationship with the Khan of Kalat.

Many of its leaders, including Abdul Aziz Kurd, Faiz Muhammad Yousafzai, and Gul Khan Nasir, were also working as government officials. In 1939, during a KSNP rally, thugs sent by local Sardars tried to disrupt the event by firing shots. After this, all KSNP members who had government jobs resigned and were arrested. This incident also led Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo to join the KSNP. Eventually, the Khan of Kalat made peace with the KSNP leaders and rehired them as government officials, but tensions rose again. This time, the KSNP leaders resigned for good and never returned to government service.

After Kalat State became part of Pakistan in 1948, the Kalat State National Party (KSNP) broke up. The Khan of Kalat, Mir Ahmedyar, wanted to join the Muslim League but didn’t want to do it alone. He sent Mir Ajmal Khan to convince Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo and Gul Khan Nasir to join with him. Both Gul Khan and Ghaus Bakhsh thought the Muslim League could be a way to fight for Balochistan’s rights, but soon they realized they couldn’t achieve their goals in the Muslim League. So, they left it and never returned.

In the following years, Pakistan went through many changes. In 1954, the Communist Party was banned, and in 1955, all the provinces of West Pakistan were merged into one. During this time, Gul Khan Nasir helped set up Bolan Medical College, which is still the only medical college in Balochistan.

There were growing differences between Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and other leaders of the National Awami Party (NAP). Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Bhutto, used these differences to remove the NAP government by making Akbar Bugti the Governor of Balochistan. After the NAP government was dismissed, Gul Khan Nasir was the first leader to be arrested. In August 1973, his brother, Mir Lawang Khan, died in a military operation. His younger brother, Colonel Sultan Mohammad Khan, was arrested after he returned to Quetta from burying Lawang Khan. Other leaders, including Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, Ataullah Mengal, Khair Bakhsh Marri, and Bizen Bizenjo, were also arrested.

During Akbar Bugti’s rule, there was a lot of anger against him in Balochistan. While in prison, Gul Khan Nasir wrote many poems criticizing Bugti. Later, a commission called the Hyderabad Tribunal was formed, and leaders like Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, Ataullah Mengal, Gul Khan Nasir, and others had to defend themselves in a treason case.

While in prison, disagreements arose among the Baloch leaders. After Bhutto’s government was overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq, the Hyderabad Tribunal was eventually shut down. Some leaders, like Khair Bakhsh Marri and Shero Marri, fled to Afghanistan, while Sardar Ataullah Mengal went to London. Gul Khan Nasir and Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo joined Wali Khan’s National Democratic Party.

After some time, Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo and Wali Khan had a disagreement over the Saur Revolution in Afghanistan. Because of this, Mir Ghaus Bakhsh and Mir Gul Khan left the National Democratic Party (NDP) and formed a new party called the Pakistan National Party (PNP). Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo became the president of PNP, and Gul Khan Nasir became the president of PNP in Balochistan. Even though Gul Khan joined Ghaus Bakhsh’s party, he believed that the Baloch people should not be pushed into more conflict with the Martial Law government. Instead, they should focus on educating and preparing themselves for future changes. However, the government used the media to create more problems between the two leaders, and Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo eventually asked Gul Khan to resign. Gul Khan refused at first but later stepped down to focus on his writing.
Gul Khan Nasir was arrested many times between 1939 and 1978 for political reasons. He spent almost 15 years in prison in total.

Gul Khan Nasir wrote poetry in Balochi, Urdu, Farsi (Persian), Brahvi, and English, with most of his work in Balochi. He was friends with the famous poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz, who once offered to translate Gul Khan’s poems into Urdu, but Gul Khan declined. His Urdu poetry, written mostly between 1933 and 1950, has not been published yet. Gul Khan’s poetry is full of revolutionary ideas, anti-imperialist themes, and criticism of class differences. He disliked how the rich treated the poor unfairly.

In 1956, a group of Baloch politicians, including Gul Khan Nasir, Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, and Agha Abdul Karim Khan, formed a political party called “Usthman Gal” (The People’s Party). Later, this party joined other groups, including Khudai Khidmatgar and Azaad Pakistan Party, to form the Pakistan National Party (PNP), which became the largest left-wing party in West Pakistan.

In 1957, the PNP merged with Maulana Bhashani’s Awami League to create the National Awami Party (NAP), which became the main opposition to the military government. The party split in 1969, and one part stayed in Bangladesh, while the other became the main opposition to Pakistan’s Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. NAP was banned by the government in 1975, and many of its leaders were imprisoned for allegedly working against the state.

During Ayub Khan’s rule, many Baloch leaders, including Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, Gul Khan Nasir, and Faiz Muhammad Yousafzai, were arrested and sent to Quetta’s Quli Camp, known for its harsh torture methods. The leaders suffered various forms of physical abuse, and by the time Gul Khan was released, he had endured significant pain and suffering.

This period was very important for Balochistan’s politics because young and energetic leaders like Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal and Nawab Khair Bakhsh Marri entered the political scene. During this time, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti was removed from his position as Pakistan’s Defence Minister and arrested, which led him to join the political movement.

In the 1960s, the National Awami Party (NAP) strongly resisted the Ayub Khan government, and its leaders were often jailed. During this decade, Ataullah Mengal became a key Baloch leader because of his strong personality, and Nawab Khair Bakhsh Marri gained fame for his political ideas. Mir Gul Khan Nasir was imprisoned about 5-6 times between 1962 and 1970. Due to NAP’s efforts, the “One Unit” system was ended, and Balochistan became a province.

In 1970, Pakistan held general elections. NAP won the majority in Balochistan and the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), while the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) won in Punjab and Sindh. Mir Gul Khan Nasir won a seat in the Provincial Assembly by defeating a major landlord in Chaghi. East Pakistan separated from Pakistan and became Bangladesh due to disputes over the election results. After East Pakistan’s fall, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was hesitant to let NAP form governments in NWFP and Balochistan. However, after talks between Bhutto and Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, NAP was able to form coalition governments in both provinces in 1972.

In Balochistan, Sardar Ataullah Khan Mengal became the first Chief Minister, and Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo was elected Governor. Gul Khan Nasir served as the Senior Minister, handling Education and Health portfolios.

After stepping down from the leadership of his party, Mir Gul Khan Nasir’s health declined, and he was diagnosed with lung cancer. Lacking the money for treatment, he refused financial help from his family. When his condition worsened, he was taken to Karachi, where doctors gave him only a few days to live. He passed away on December 5, 1983, in Mid East Hospital, Karachi. His body was taken to his village, Noshki, where he was buried on December 7. Many people attended the funeral, but some leaders, including Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo and Malik Faiz Muhammad Yousafzai, were in jail and could not attend.

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GULAM HUSSAIN SHOWAZ

 

Each time I hear the name of Ghulam Hussain Showaz, it is as if I have lived in his stories for a long time to not know him. Forever a legend and a beautiful human being himself, Showaz remained a mystery to everyone. His personality was outspoken, extroverted and very friendly and while his poems, poetries and ballads he wrote were very different. Showaz was a genius until the day of his death. It is said that the wisdom of Ghulam Hussain Showaz remained matchless within the circle of his friends and elsewhere. He was from Balnegwar, Mach, Kech Balochistan.

Back when Showaz a young emerging youth, a family feud caused him to flee from both his lover and his life back in Balochistan. He resided in Muscat, Oman for the rest of his days, always recalling his beautiful memories which he did not relive again for as long as he lived. Apart from being a writer, he was a journalist and a well-known debater.  He worked in a petroleum company because of which Showaz travelled to almost all of the widely known countries of the world. But when we look at his poetries and sonnets to the land, we know his love for his motherland better than others. He was truly he son of the land. Showaz was always seen debating joyously to his friends about how he thought his barren land was better than all others in the world. This was his imaginary perspective which affected his subject for beauty and desire for things he longed. His contributions stand above most of the poets of this age and era. Some of his poetries entitles as:

• Vash Nabi Mara bedhay Maho ha
• Mani Beeyl
• Jane pa sheer shoda
• Ishq
• Zaheerani Bojheg
• Na Sharbano
• Maho Mani

Many others did he write which set him aside from the normal ones. But it was often normal for Showaz to have a diary that contained all his poetries rather than publish them often. The Diary is said to have been handed over to Arif Baloch (a close accomplice of Ghulam Hussain Showaz who often sings his sonnets, hymns and songs)

The effects of his work carry with bringing new ambition and ideas to the new writers and poets. Showaz died on 20^th July 2007 due to lung cancer.

A TALE OF SHOWAZ

Through word-of-mouth, it is said that when Ghulam Hussain Showaz was residing in his farmhouse of Oman, he used to throw and arrange all sorts of functions for the Baloch literary musicians and writers to join. His love for their conversation grew greater within the years. Once Showaz had spent more than a month in his farmhouse, he began to live there regardless his family back in the house whom he claimed understood him so little, that he rarely wished to retreat at times. One day when Showaz stood to take leave of his gathering by being called on duty, a certain friend that he invited to go with him, followed him along. To the friend’s amazement, he had seen a helicopter awaiting Showaz’s arrival and numberless people waiting to depart him.

Friend, with whom, he met with so much warmth and no pride, had no idea about the populace Showaz had all his life. He tried to hide all sides of him, cover all personalities of him, shadow all secrects and live only with the image of being a literary individual of his native land. That is how much love took residence in his soul. They hardly knew who Showaz was when they thought they knew who Showaz was.

 

Javed Baloch-Oman-2011

 

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ATTA SHAD

 

Atta Shad, born 1939 in the Kech District of Balochistan, was one of the most precious poets and intellectuals in Baloch and Urdu literature. Later he moved to Quetta, he stayed in room no 35 which is visited and often appreciated by many people today, years after his death. He is one of the initial people to bring a strategy to poetry. Atta Shad was not only a poet but also a scholar, playwright, and literary critic, with his work bringing multiple types and languages. Atta Shad’s poetry is characterized by its blend of tradition and modernity, exploring themes of love, identity, alienation, and the complex socio-political landscape of Balochistan.

Atta Shad wrote in both Balochi and Urdu, and he is understood with introducing modernist ideas into Balochi poetry, bridging and modern expression. His contributions to Urdu poetry are also highly appreciated as well. Atta Shad’s scholarly remains in his high contributed work “Balad Zanth” and Atta Shad wrote several books, but two of his most well-known poetry collections are:

• “Sailab” (Flood) written with the help of Mir Matta Khan, his friend.
• “Shap Sahar Andem“ (Night, Morning, and Then) or (Night minutes before morning) This book was written in a span of four years

In total, Atta Shad wrote four major poetry collections, along with various essays, plays, and critical works. His contribution to Baloch society remains a legendary introduction to work and poetry. He died on 13 February, 1997 and was buried on 14^th February. His remains are in Qasi Graveyard, Quetta Balochistan.

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HIS PRIDEFUL FACT

Mir Gul Khan Nasir in his speech, while he was serving as a senior minister, is said to have praised Atta Shad in times when Atta Shad was being accused of an inferior caste and role in Baloch Literary Moment. It was Gul Khan Nasir who brought him on stage, cheered his work and appreciated his effects on Baloch Literature.

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A TALE OF ATTA SHAD

In 1995, two years before Atta Shad’s death, Atta Shad had called a young poet and writer. While they were conversing, the poet asked the literary master if he was writing anything else, to which Atta Shad said, he did write at times, but “My Son I am turning blind” but I speak at times. This, the poet said, was the saddest sentence he had heard in a decade. Atta Shad turning blind was like blindfolding a nation.

 

Maqbool Anwar-Turbat-1995

 

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TWO LOVERS IN REVOLUTION

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MAST TOKALI

MAST TOKALI/TAWAKALI

Tawakali was born around 1825 in a place called Mank Band, near Kahan in Kohlu, when northern Balochistan was ruled by Afghans. His father, Lal Khan, gave him the name Sohrab, but it was later changed because it was too similar to the ruler’s name. He was part of the Loharani (Sherani) branch of the Marri tribe. Before becoming a poet, Tawakali worked as a shepherd.

When Tawakali was 28, he met a married woman named Samoo while seeking shelter from a storm. As soon as he saw her, he fell in love. This love changed his life, and he started wandering around, lost in his feelings. People began calling him Mast Tawakali, meaning “Nobody cares,” because he was so focused on his love and started writing poetry.

Tawakali would often return to the village where Samoo lived, just to see her. The villagers got upset and told him to stop coming, but he couldn’t stay away. Finally, Samoo’s husband took her and left the village for good. After this, Tawakali felt like his life had no purpose because he could no longer see Samoo. He turned to God, spending most of his time at a shrine, praying for Samoo and writing poetry.

Dr. Shah Muhammad Marri describes Mast as a mystic and a great lover. In one story, some villagers, including Samoo’s husband, tried to kill him by pushing him off a hill, but he survived unharmed. In another story, Mast saved a train from crashing by waving his red scarf, which caused the train to stop just before reaching a broken track.

Mast Tawakali gave up everything for his love and began writing poetry. His love for a human eventually turned into a love for God. This journey from earthly love to spiritual love made him the greatest Sufi poet in the Balochi language. His poems spoke about the struggles of ordinary people and carried messages of peace, love, tolerance, and brotherhood.

Mast Tawakali spent his life searching for truth and love. He wasn’t just a famous poet, but also a respected Sufi of his time. Sufis believe that by making their hearts pure, they can get closer to God. For Mast, his love for Samoo was the path to reach this closeness. Sufis also believe that they see God in everything, and for Mast Tawakali, he found this divine presence in Samoo.

Mast Tawakali died in 1892 in Pazza, Kohlu. He was buried in Mast Maidan Gari, located in District Kohlu, Balochistan.

A TALE OF MAST TOKALI

Through share word-of-mouth, a native from Kohlu (Near Dhera Bughti, Balochistan) said that, it is a very famous legend that when Mast saw Sammo, each time passed away. It may be true that Mast could never stare at Sammo more than a minute.

 

Yarjan-Kohlu-2008

 

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BEEBAGR RIND

Long ago, in the land of Balochistan, there lived a brave and wise poet named Beebagr. He was the nephew of Meer Chakar Khan Rind, a famous leader of the Baloch people. Beebagr was loved for his poetry and his wisdom, but he was also known for something else—he hated the long and terrible war between the Rind and Lashari tribes. This war had lasted for thirty years, causing much suffering and loss. Beebagr believed it needed to end so that his people could live in peace.

However, not everyone agreed with him. Even his own uncle, Meer Chakar, called him a coward for wanting peace. But Beebagr knew the war would only bring more pain, and he was determined to find a way to stop it.

During this time, Beebagr fell in love with a beautiful woman named Granaz. The two of them decided to elope from Kandahar, seeking safety in the land of Meer Gwahram, who belonged to the enemy tribe. Despite their differences, Balochi traditions required Meer Gwahram to protect them, and he gave them refuge.

Meer Gwahram, knowing the danger they were in, sent a message to Meer Chakar, saying that the King of Kandahar was planning to attack Beebagr and Granaz. He urged the Rind and Lashari tribes to put aside their hatred and unite against this common enemy.

But Beebagr, always wanting peace, decided to go to the King of Kandahar himself. One night, he approached the King and said, “I am Beebagr. I do not want any more bloodshed because of me. You can punish me however you wish, and I will accept it.”

The King was amazed by Beebagr’s courage and selflessness. Instead of punishing him, the King called off the war and embraced Beebagr. He even declared that Beebagr would be the best man to marry his daughter.

And so, Beebagr and Granaz were married, not in the shadow of war, but in the light of peace. Beebagr’s bravery and desire for peace saved not only himself and Granaz but also brought an end to a long and bitter conflict.

 

 

 

 

 

A TALE OF BEEBAGR RIND

Through sheer word of mouth from the elders, it is said that when the revolution and war was taking place, the king who was fighting to kill Beebagr, saw him soundlessly sleeping in his own palace’s main room. This was regarded as the highest bravery in the history of Baloch.

 

(The Elders)

 

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TWO SCHOLARS:

 

SAYAD ZAHOOR SHAH HASHMI

 

He was a scholar, and was an important Baloch literary figure, known as the starter of modern Balochi language and literature. His biggest contribution is to the development of Balochi language and first Balochi Dictionary “Sayad Ganj”.

Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi was born in 1926 in Siah Kaur, a small village in the region of Balochistan. It falls in the coastal region. He got his early education from his father Mohammad Shah Hashmi. He also worked in Radio Pakistan as the Section Head of Balochi Academy. He belonged to a scholarly family and grew up with a strong passion for learning and literature. Sayad Hashmi’s greatest achievement was the creation of “Sayad Ganj,” the first Balochi dictionary, which was a different and most important work for the Balochi language. He devoted many years to compiling the dictionary, as he wanted to preserve the language and promote literacy among the Baloch people.

To his credit, he has written 25 books of prose and poetries. He was also a poet, writer, and translator. He is known to have known many languages, but he was as fluent as a native in Arabic, Persian, and English alongside Balochi. His poetry reflected themes of Baloch culture, identity, and social justice. He wrote in simple but powerful language, making his work understandable to common people. Some of his poems still sung today.

Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi was not just a writer but also a language activist. He worked tirelessly to promote Balochi as a language of education and literature even though his own health was rotting away due to the lack of time he had to preserve his physical health. He believed that preserving the language was essential for keeping the Baloch identity alive. To this end, he encouraged the translation of important works from other languages into Balochi. He translated the “Amma Parah” into Balochi and he is said to have offered prayer in Balochi claiming that “A God who understood Arabic, would understand Balochi as well”.

He was a wanderer and travelled often for his research. He visited Oman where he was offered a special rank within the official which he refused saying, he needed much work to do for his own people. His discoveries and undivided hard work were paid off when people began to entitle him as a scholar after his death.

Much efforts of his hardwork was included in:

• Sayad Ganj
• Juz-Amma
• Balochi Zuban-o-Adab
• Balochi Syahag-a-rast-nabisag
• Balochi Bungiji
• Nazuk (Novel)
• Shakalen Shaju
• Brethkagen Beyr
• Balochi-Urdu Bol Chal
• Sayad Namdi
• Meer Gind
• Gessad Gwadar

Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi passed away on March 5, 1978. Despite his early death, his contributions left a lasting impact on Balochi literature and language. Today, he is remembered as a cultural hero among the Baloch people. His dictionary and literary works continue to inspire Baloch writers and scholars to this day.

 

TWO TALES OF SAYAD

Once Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi, after his long voyage from Oman, reached his brother’s home. To his arrival, he found the house locked and waited at the servant’s quarter. He had a deep discussion with the servant without letting him know that he was brother to the owner of the house. The servant from word-of-mouth said that, Sayad tried his best to cheer me up by backbiting my owner, but I did so not after which he patted me on the head and took leave, asking me to pay his regards to the owner by mentioning Sayad had crosses paths with him. Later when he knew the humbleness and his true identity when the owner arrived. Such was his charm.

Peer Mohammad-1994-Gwadar Balochistan

 

·Once when Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi ran out of ink, he told his worker to fetch him some from the bazaar nearby. The servant says that he was too young to know Sayad’s importance and the essentiality that his time held because of which he took off at the morning, ignorant to the given task, and came back late when the sun had already sat. Ignoring his late arrival, Sayad asked for his ink which meant he had been waiting the whole day. The servant gave him an excuse and said that he had forgotten. Sayad asked him to throw 40 stones on his shadow the following day. The servant chucked at Sayad’s foolery. Years after Sayad’s death, the servant said he realized that throwing stones at one’s own shadow was the worst kind of punishment following with much shame.

Durra-1999-Gwadar Balochistan

 

…

 

SABA DASHTIYARI

 

Saba Dashtiyari was a well-known Baloch scholar, poet, and social activist. His work focused on enhancing Balochi language, literature, and culture. He was also a university professor who influenced many students and young people in Balochistan. Saba Dashtiyari was born in 1953 in Lyari, Karachi, a well-known area for Baloch families. He was very passionate about education from a young age, despite not coming from a wealthy background. Saba managed to complete his studies and went on to become a professor of Islamic studies at the University of Balochistan.

Saba was a writer and poet, producing many works in Balochi, Urdu, and Persian. His poetry often touched on themes of Baloch identity, social justice, and freedom. He wrote books on Balochi history, literature, and tried to keep them for the future generation.

Saba Dashtiyari also contributed greatly by promoting Balochi literature. He set up Balochi study circles in order to encourage young people to engage with their culture and language. He was also responsible for creating a Balochi-language library at the University of Balochistan, which became a key resource for students and scholars.

Saba Dashtiyari was not just a scholar but also a social activist who spoke up for the rights of the Baloch people. He was known for his bold stress and his speeches and press conferences on Baloch nationalism and human rights. He participated in protests and to demand justice and better living conditions for people in Balochistan. His activism made him a well-known figure among the Baloch youth, who saw him as a leader. Saba Dashtiyari is remembered as a brave intellectual who devoted his life to the Balochi language and rights. His efforts in promoting education and awareness among the Baloch people have made a lasting impact. Today, he is celebrated as a hero of Balochistan, a hero who asked for justice and who introduced justice to many people.

Unfortunately, due to his activism, Saba Dashtiyari faced threats to his life.

On June 1, 2011, he was assassinated in Quetta, because of his outspoken nature on Baloch rights and his criticism of the government. His death was a great loss for Balochistan, but his work continues to inspire many.

Saba Dashtiyari was a scholar, poet, and activist who worked tirelessly for the Balochi language and the rights of the Baloch people. His life and work continue to inspire future generations and he is remembered by each coming Baloch.

 

…

 

THREE SINGERS:

 

NOOR KHAN BIZANJO

 

Noorkhan Bizanjo was more than a man of words; he was the voice of a people, a beautiful with the dust of Balochistan in his heart. Born into a world of Pasni, Balochistan on 4^th of December 1969, where lived many legends of his kind, Noorkhan too wanted to bring his existence into all he was living.

Within his early life, after doing his Bachelors in Art, he completed his post graduate in Quetta Balochistan. Every breath he took seemed to echo rhymes for his people and their history. In his veins flowed the love for his people, a love that would later spill into all those songs he sung and all those lyrics and poetries he wrote.

Noorkhan was not just a writer; he was a poet of the Baloch soul. He started singing when he was 14 years old. Recognized by “Mubarak Qazi” (A senior Baloch poet), he began singing better by each coming day.  Through his voice, the land of Balochistan wasn’t just a place, but a beloved, for whom every tear, each line and every music was worth singing.

In a world where voices are easily lost to time, Noorkhan Bizanjo became the keeper of stories, the singer of Balochistan’s soul. He knew that the true beauty of a people lies in their memory of remembering the songs sung for all those who loved voice and pen. He sung modern songs, classic songs, songs of revolution, songs of love, stories of old and stories of the present. The Baloch world loved Noor Khan way too much to ever think of him departing way too soon.

To love in Noor Khan’s songs was to relive a moment of peace, to appreciate his songs was a new norm in times of Noor Khan’s life.

Many of Noor Khan’s songs include:

• Vsh Nabi Mara
• Marchi Thai Deedar
• Mahi Mah Pari
• Cha Mani Vsh Wabe
• Me Mehra Ne Ganje Dayara
• Na Tranage
• Taro Taba Maya
• Dilbar Chushe Kaar
• Wahag Pa Satah
• Pada Vashi Bia
• Shap K Yaatani

 

Despite his beautiful voice, Noor khan was a beautiful author as well. His book of his poetry collection (Baam Rangen Sadaf), published in 2011, eight years after his death, included the poetries, Haiku’s and sonnets.

Some of his poetry titles are mentioned below:

• May Ghame Hamsafar
• Allah Allah Tai Ghumaan e sheekini
• Aaas Kuthag Tranagan
• Byaa k istaalan Shap shohaz kuthag
• Gul Mohammad Wafa e wanaga padh
• Yak Damane

 

The Baloch lost their legend on 5^th August 2003 when he was 33 years old. Soon after his death, the whole community recognized his lifelong legacy.

 

A TALE OF NOOR KHAN BIZANJO

Through sheer word-of-mouth, it is said that Noor Khan Bizanjo had once gone to a music festival in Oman where he had been especially invited by the Baloch community there. A strange thing happened when Noorkhan stood away and departed from the festival. It was very unlike of Noorkhan to do so. Neither did he sing nor he spoke while on the same night, he sung to some Baloch literary poets who had invited him beforehand. When asked the reason for his refusal there and acceptance here, Noorkhan said that “Pride begets Pride and admiration begets admiration”.

 

Abdullal Salal-2010-Oman

 

…

 

MAZAR IBRAHIM

 

One of the most underrated Balochi singers is Mazar Ibrahim, the father of (Naseeb Mazar, a singer of Baloch). Mazar Ibrahim initially belongs from Nalent (An urban village in Balochistan). His songs, rhyming and beauty of voice had been famous while his contribution to be an influence for most of Baloch singers, had been neglected. Mazar Ibrahim had sung many songs in classical Balochi styles and mastered many instruments way before the young generation came forward. Some of his songs “Mani dilbar” and “Bya Bya” have been classified by being sung in ways that they held deep classic tones and rhymes and lyrical styles. He has also sung 5 Urdu songs.

Many famous Baloch singers such as; Gulab Jumma, Khair Jan Baqiri and Naseeb Mazar have been under the master’s shadow for long that they consider to have learnt much more from Ibrahim Mazar than any other singer.

 

…

 

BASHAAM

 

Bashaam belonged to a simple family in “Tank Dasht” (An urban village in Balochistan). His father Abdul Murad was simple man who had no notion with singing yet he bore a future singer. He is famous to have sung Mullah Fazul’s (A classic Baloch poet from Mand, Balochistan) poetries in his songs. He started singing when he was 17 years old. One of his most famous songs is the lyrical rhymes he sung on “Gwahram and Chakar” holding their whole tale in voice.

Incomparable and with his own style, Bashaam remains a legendary singer, having sung more than 276 songs among which 18 folklores of Baloch have been sung. Many emerging poets as “Manzoor Bismil” consider Bashaam to be one of the greatest singers to exist in Baloch contexts.

 

…

 

TWO BARDS:

 

RAMEE

 

Ramee was a 19^th century Bard who belonged from Kolanch (A rural area in Balochistan). He is very underrated since he is not on records but his tales and legacy are remembered by the natives. Ramee, who sung often, was often considered a wanderer. People of Kolanch often referred to him as the “Bard of Birds” by which they meant, he had a voice as beautiful as the birds. In 1936, Ramee became one of the most famous bards of Kolanch, accepting proposals from the locals to sing mournful allegories in both, funerals and departures. An interesting fact about Ramee is that, not one jolly song of Ramee is on record or remembered. He is known to have sung sad songs all his life. Ramee passed away in the mid-1900s, uncertain of the exact date, the locals remembered him even decades after his death.

 

TWO TALES OF RAMEE:

 

• Through sheer word-of-mouth, it is said that on one specific autumn day when a wedding ceremony was held in Kolanch, Balochistan. Ramee was seen to have been humming and singing a sad mournful tune. To everybody’s (The witnesses present in the wedding) surprise, the bride could not resist sitting still and ran towards the voice of the bard. This tale often shared on lonely nights of Kolanch in remembrance of the bard.
• Through sheer word-of-mouth, it is said that once Ramee had a bet with the locals while he was accused of being a bard of sad music only. His bet was that when he would start singing, he would either make the birds fall from flight or by the end of his song, all nearby natives would sit alongside him. It is said that when Ramee had stopped singing, all natives were seen to zone out beside him.

 

Masi Guli, daughter of Peeral-2010-Kolanch

 

JADUK

In this research I have a very little knowledge about Jaduk. Jaduk was a 19^th century bard who used to have a voice sweet enough to make everyone fall for it. He too like Ramee was known to the bard of sad songs alone. Initially Jaduk was from Iran and then he spent decades in Karachi, Pakistan. There are records of Jaduk available which show his great legacy and influence on the emerging Baloch singers after him. Jaduk remains unmatched until today.

 

…

 

A POET OF MUSE

 

SHAY SHOOLAN

 

Shay Shoolan lived in the era of late 14^th to 15^th century. He was known to be a great Shay who used to attend festivals and gatherings arranged by the kings and noblemen. His artistic ability in poetry was very famous. Unlike other poets, he did not need time to write poetries or sonnets, he used to recite them immediately right after he was told to do so. It is a very underrated fact, but Shay Shoolan was one of the core reasons why Beebagr, Shay Mureed and Chakar’s tales, discussions and poetries were famous. It was because of Shay Shoolan’s recitation in their praise that people got to hear about them and known them in the future.

Shay Shoolan used to be so wise that by the mid of the 15^th century, people used to come to him as a great historian rather than a poet. It was by that time he had written the storues of Meer Chakar Khan, the sad tale and poetries of Shaymureed and the Bravery of Beebagr along with many others. To this day, Shay Shoolan is known by very few Baloch, but his struggle in the Baloch identity remained untouched however.

 

…

TWO BALOCH ARTISTS:

 

ABDUL SAMAD

 

Abdul Samad, born in Pasni, is known to be one of the greatest artists the sand of Pasni has ever born. A total of 1458 paintings, arts, and different sand arts have been done by the artist. By his shy nature and his constant routine of making painting for the sake of painting alone, we know Abdul Samad. Unfortunately, I am not lucky enough to have met him or know the name of his paintings, but his main paintings were of the landscapes and canvas arts on cultural Balochi images. We celebrate the artist for his great achievements in his passion.

…

 

SHUGRULLAH

 

Shugrullah, another artist from the costal area of Balochistan, Pasni. He had been painting ever since he knew how to hold brushes. The line arts of Shugrullah, sketches and canvas drawings of different landscapes, momentary images and assigned tasks have been famous throughout the years. Unfortunately, the great artist lived in poverty throughout his days. Being passionate about art and artistic abilities to do something, I alongside with my father visited Shugrullah’s home in 2011 in Jahangir road Karachi, Pakistan. Unfortunately, I did not get a chance to converse with him because of the recent death of his son due to which he had to leave back then. To me Shugrullah remains a mighty painter of our age and is underrated to this day.

 

References:

Word-of-mouth (1990s-2012)
Interviews with Baloch Community Members. (1990s-2012). Personal communication.

Book of Gul-Mohammad Wafa (2010)
Wafa, G.-M. (2010). [Nishan]. [Naheem]

Book of Noor Khan Bizanjo (2011)

Bizanjo, N.-K. (2011). [Baam Rangen Sadaf]. [Noor Publication Pasni]

Book of History of Baloch (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). History of Baloch. In Wikipedia. Retrieved [Date of Access], from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Baloch

Physical Book Research
(2012)

 

 

QUESTIONARE

(Target Audience, literate-all age groups)

I am a student in Turbat, Balochistan. I have initiated a task to know the populace of Baloch Literary Figures in the minds of educated people.

1. What is a literary person?

• A person who initiates art
• A person ignorant to education
• A person having senselessness
• An artist specified by time

2. Did Abdul Samad play a vital role in Baloch Literature?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

3. Have you heard about Shugrullah?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

4. Who was the first Balochi Scholar?

• Atta Shad
• Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi
• Manzoor Bismil
• No Idea

5. Do you know Gul Khan Nasir?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

6. Do you know who wrote Balad Zanth?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

7. If Yes, who wrote Balad Zanth?

• Atta Shad
• Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi
• Saba Dashtiyari
• No Idea

8. Who was Shay Shoolan?

• A Poet
• A Painter
• A Singer
• No Idea

9. Where was Atta Shad from?

• Turbat
• Karachi
• Lahore
• No Idea

10. Who wrote Sayad Ganj?

• Atta Shad
• Shay Shoolan
• Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi
• No Idea

11. Which century was Shay Shoolan from?

• 14^th century
• 19^th century
• 20^th century
• No Idea

12. How many books did Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi write?

• 25
• 10
• 2
• No Idea

13. Which Baloch Bard is known to have sung sad ballads only?

• Ramee
• Noor Khan Bizanjo
• Ibrahim Mazar
• No Idea

14. Does Noor Khan have a compilation of his poetries?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

15. How old was Noor Khan when he passed away?

• 20
• 60
• 33
• No Idea

16. How did Saba Dashtiyari die?

• Lung Cancer
• Assassination
• Natural Death
• No Idea

17. Is Mullah Fazul considered a poet?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

18. Did Ghulam Hussain Showaz write classic poetries?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

19. Is Gul Mohammad Wafa considered a literary figure?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

20. Were the works of Baloch literary figures translated into other languages?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

21. How did Ghulam Hussain Showaz Die?

• Lung Cancer
• Natural Death
• Heart Attack
• No Idea

22. Who wrote the Balochi novel “Nazuk”?

• Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi
• Atta Shad
• Ghulam Hussain Showaz
• No Idea

23. Is Mast Tokali a historical Balochi figure?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

24. Whose bravery is a story of fame among Baloch?

• Shay Mureed’s
• Beebagr’s
• Mast Tokali’s
• No Idea

25. Do you know about Bashaam?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

26. Who was Bashaam?

• A Writer
• A Singer
• A Painter
• No Idea

27. Is Ramee’s ballad on record?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

28. Are Jaduk’s songs on record?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

29. Do you know Shugrullah?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

30. Have you been educated about the mentioned figures before?

• Yes
• No
• Neutral
• No Idea

 

 

MAIN SECONDARY FINDINGS

 

 

• Majority of the respondents said that “A Literary Person was “An artist who initiates art”. The purpose was to find out the basic knowledge of figuring the question out.
• Majority of the respondents said that Abdul Samad played a vital role in Baloch Literature. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the respondents said that they did not hear about Shugrullah. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the respondents said “Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi” was the first Baloch Scholar. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the respondents that they knew Mir Gul Khan Nasir. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the respondents that they did not know who wrote Balad Zanth. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their works.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi” wrote Balad Zanth. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their works.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Shay Shoolan” was a singer. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their profession.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Atta Shad” was from “Turbat”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and basic knowledge about them.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi” wrote “Sayad Ganj”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their works.
• Majority of the respondents said Shay Shoolan was from “20^th” century. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their eras.
• Majority of the respondents said that Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashmi wrote “10” books. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and their works.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Noor Khan” sung sad ballads only. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about them.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had “No idea” about the compilation of Noor Khan’s poetries. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about them.
• Majority of the respondents said that Noor Khan was “33” when he passed away. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their life.
• Majority of the respondents said that Saba Dashtiyari died of “Assasination”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their life.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Mullah Fazul” is considered a poet. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and basic knowledge about them.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had “No idea” if Ghulam Hussain Showaz wrote classic poetries. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their life.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Gul Mohammad Wafa” was considered a “Literary figure”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about them.
• Majority of the respondents said that “Baloch works were translated into other languages”. The purpose was to find out the populace about their own language.
• Majority of the respondents said that Ghulam Hussain Showaz die of “Lung Cancer”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their life.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had no idea who wrote “Nazuk”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their work.
• Majority of the respondents said “Mast Tokali” was a “Literary Figure”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about them.
• Majorty of the respondents said that “Beebagr’s” bravery was famous. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their histories.
• Majority of the respondents said that they did not know Bashaam. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the respondents said that Bashaam was a “Writer”. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their work.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had “No Idea” if Ramee’s ballads were on record. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their work.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had “No Idea” if Jaduk’s ballads were on record. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their work.
• Majority of the respondents said that they had “No Idea” about Shugrullah. The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures.
• Majority of the The purpose was to find out the populace of Baloch literary figures and initial ideas about their work in the town.